Activated Carbon-Based Ormosils for Abatement of Uremic Toxins from Aqueous Solution and Blood Plasma Samples

Abstract

The kidney is a vital human organ. Kidney diseases are associated with the accumulation of toxins in the body. If these toxins are not removed from the body create serious health issues, organ failure even death. Formulation or synthesis of material that can adsorb or detect these toxins from blood is very important. Herein, we report the synthesis of organically modified silanes incorporated with activated carbon particles (Silane-C). Afterwards, these particles were applied for the removal of creatinine and uric acid by adsorption from blood samples. Silane-C particles were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, which indicated the presence of Si-O-C and O-Si confirmed the silane formation and polymerization. Moreover, the silane-C particles have a surface area of 249.3 m²g-1. The SEM analyusis showed silane-chas groves and
rough spongy edges surface.The thermogravimetric analysis depicted the weight loss percentage of silane-C particles was 8.4% and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis demonstrated the presence of carbon, silicon, and oxygen atoms in particles with an abundance of 72.4, 16.0, and 10.9,
respectively. The binding capacity of silane-C particles to remove creatinine and uric acid from blood was 117 and 44 mgg-1, respectively. Percentage recovery for both toxins was observed up to 90%. The RSD (1.03%), LOD (8.8 x10-2 μgmL-1) and LOQ (2.8 x10-1 μgmL-1) were calculated from signal-to-noise ratio for uric acid. The removal process followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The RSD (1.11%), LOD (9.3 x10-2 μgmL-1), and LOQ (3.1 x10-1 μgmL-1) were calculated from signal-to-noise ratio of HPLC for creatinine, but the removal of creatinine followed Freundlich adsorption isotherm. These results demonstrate the ability of synthesized
material to work as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of creatinine and uric acid from blood samples.